Ganjam Kewda Flower (Pandanus fascicularis) and its uses:

• Unique Fragrance:
  • Known for its strong, pleasant odor due to the oils it produces.
  • The fragrance is influenced by the sandy soil and climate of Ganjam, Odisha.
  • Primarily used to flavor food, and its cultivation requires special skills.
• Characteristics of the Plant:
  • DNA studies show the flower has consistent characteristics across the Ganjam region.
  • The genetic makeup is stable, with no major differences between populations.
  • Chromosomes and DNA content are uniform throughout the region.

• Description of the Plant:
  • The plant has separate male and female plants.
  • Male flowers are used for essential oil production, extracted during the flowering period.
  • Male flowers last only about a day and are valued for their fragrance, which is used to make perfumes.
• Ecological and Economic Importance:
  • The plant grows widely in the coastal areas of Ganjam, helping to protect soil and prevent erosion.
  • It stabilizes sand dunes and serves as an important source of income for local farmers.
• Used in Handicrafts and Medicine:
  • Leaves and roots are used to make local handicrafts such as bags, lamps, and baskets.
  • Traditionally used in medicine for various remedies.

• Perfume Industry:
  • Kewda attar (perfume oil) is a well-known product in India.
• Cultural and Religious Significance:
  • The flower is mentioned in ancient Indian religious texts.
  • Used in rituals and offerings to gods, with a long history in Indian culture.
  • Valued especially for its use in perfumes and decorations.
• Historical Development:
  • Oil extraction from Kewda flowers began in Ganjam in 1924.
  • Small distilleries have since been set up to produce essential oils.
• Uses of the Kewda Flower:
  • Perfumes: Male flowers are used to make popular perfumes like Kewda attar.
  • Flavoring: The flower’s essence is used to flavor food and drinks.